The influence of this psychological phenomenon is very great. We all know how to «hang labels». Teachers give students a «diagnosis» of the eternal bully or the best in the class. We once and for all reward a colleague with the stigma of a successful employee or a failure. Why do we judge by the first and usually superficial impression? Is it possible to “break through” once formed opinions about us and about others?
Ger bandora yekem a kesek erênî be, di nav de ji ber şert û mercan, wê hingê nîşana plus li hemî taybetmendî û kirinên wî dirêj dibe. Ew gelek tê efû kirin. Heger berevajiyê vê, tehlîla yekem nezelal be, wê hingê, mirov di pêşerojê de çiqasî baş bike jî, ew bi prîzma nirxandina destpêkê ve tê nirxandin.
Ji bo rûsan, ev bandor bi alîkariya metelokê "li gorî cil û bergên xwe li hev dicivin, li gorî aqilê xwe wan dibînin" tê rave kirin. Cûdahî tenê ev e ku ji ber bandora bandora halo, ew bi gelemperî her kesî di heman kincan de "dibînin". Û ji bo ku hiş li pişt wê were dîtin, hilgirê halo hewce ye ku gelek hewl bide.
Gelek caran pêşdarazî tu carî bi ser nakevin. Ev bi taybetî di komên zarok û ciwanan de diyar dibe. Mînakî, heke yekî nûhatî polê baş neke û yekser ji hêla hevalên polê ve wekî nefsbiçûk were binav kirin, bi gelemperî tenê çareserî guheztina dersan e, ku hûn dikarin ji nû ve dest pê bikin û ji nû ve biceribînin ku bandorek yekem çêbikin.
Ev diyarde çi ye?
In the 1920s, the American psychologist Edward Thorndike discovered that when we evaluate others, we are guided by the perception of certain personality traits — such as appearance, cheerfulness, talkativeness — and they overshadow everything else. The psychologist called this phenomenon the halo effect or the halo effect.
The halo effect describes an unconscious perception error: individual qualities of a person — attractiveness, external inferiority, exceptional achievements — dominate other qualities unknown to us, which we ourselves think out, finish drawing in our heads. The first impression overshadows everything else, creating a halo. In social psychology, the effect is referred to as cognitive distortions.
For example, imagine that you are introduced to a person with amazingly good manners — and in a few minutes you create in your head the image of a well-groomed, educated, eloquent, charming interlocutor.
In other words, a single distinguishing feature allows us to infer other unknown qualities.
An overweight person is often perceived as lazy, weak-willed, clumsy, or even stupid. Students with glasses are considered by many teachers to be more well-read and even smarter.
And, of course, Hollywood stars fall under the influence of the halo effect. Since many actors are associated with the characters they play, and we see them in reports and on TV as glamorous divas, we believe that they are like that in real life.
Welê, bûyera herî navdar a bandora bandora halo Khlestakov ji The Inspector Hikûmetê ye. Tevahiya civakê di destpêkê de ew wek muxatab qebûl kir, nelihevkirin û xeletiyên eşkere di reftar û gotinên wî de nedîtin.
Çima mêjiyê me hewceyê vê bandorê ye?
Bêyî bandora halo, gelek sektorên aboriyê dê bi tenê hilweşin. "Ger ez heman pantorê bi vê karsaziya serfiraz li xwe bikim, ez ê heman bandorê bikim!" Ger ku ji hêla stêrkek an supermodelek ve were guheztin û pêvekirin tavilê dibe aksesûarek çînî (û tewra bihayê wê digihîje çend sed euroyî). Ev bi qasî ku ew çawa dixebite.
Lê çima mejiyê me dê bi mebest me bike xefikek? Di tevahiya jiyana xwe de, em neçar in ku mîqdarên mezin agahdarî bişopînin. Pêdivî ye ku em bi hindiktirîn agahdarî rêve bibin, û ji bo vê yekê jî pêdivî ye ku em bi rengekî nesne û babetên derdorê dabeş bikin, bi wan re têkilî daynin. Bandora halo van pêvajoyan hêsan dike.
If every time we deeply analyzed the entire incoming stream of visual and other stimuli, we would simply go crazy
So in a sense, the halo effect is our defense mechanism. But at the same time, we deprive ourselves of a more objective view, which means that we limit our capabilities. And the one on whom we «put on» a halo runs the risk of forever remaining in our eyes in the role we have invented for him.
Meriv çawa bandora haloyê têk dibe?
Mixabin, "neçalakkirin" halo dijwar e, û pir caran ne gengaz e. Dibe ku em vê carê di têgihîştina xwe ya ji yekî din de an jî di nirxandina xwe de pê hesiyabin, lê carek din em ê bi rengekî nedîtî bikevin bin bandora wê. Û her çend em hemî bi gotina "pirtûkê li gorî bergê wê dadbar nekin" dizanin jî, tiştê ku em giş pir caran dikin ev e.
If the person whom we awarded the halo is important and dear to us, the only antidote is to analyze our impression, decompose it into its components: highlight the leading, key feature for the halo and name the rest that are gone in our perception due to the halo effect on the second plan. Especially such a technique is necessary for managers, HR-specialists who make personnel decisions. For example, in Australia, resumes are not accompanied by photographs so that external data does not overshadow the competencies of the applicant.
Piraniya me dengdêr in, ji ber vê yekê divê em bandora haloyê ya siyasetmedaran negirin ku, bi taybetî berî hilbijartinan, hewil didin ku bi taybetî dilovan, vekirî û berpirsiyar xuya bikin. Û li vir divê em bixwe agahdariya li ser berendam berhev bikin, da ku nebin qurbaniya xwe xapandinê.
And no one prevents us from collecting information about ourselves and our own halo — about how others perceive us.
We can honestly say that we know about the phenomenon of the halo effect, and invite the interlocutor or colleague to look a little deeper under our “nimbus” and give us a chance to show all our qualities. Directness and sincerity are often disarming. You can also think about how we would like to look in the eyes of others and what we can do for this, but in such a way as to remain ourselves.